ubuntu-latest is now assigned to Ubuntu 20.04. As we use custom apt
sources for 18.04, pin to this version for now to fix the CI.

The performance benefit the cache brought was due to a broken sources
CDN mirror handling in OpenWrt.

The cache brings no measurable performance benefit. Disable it to slim
down the pipeline steps.

This adds the ability to cache OpenWrt dependencies on a per-target
base. Artifacts over 10MB are excluded, as GitHub imposes a limit of 5G
of available space per repository cache. This affects mostly
linux(-firmware) and gcc / gdb.

The goal is to reduce the total amount of requests necessary to fetch
dependencies.

- Rely on shebang instead of setting shell in workflow
- Run whole install-dependencies.sh in sudo
- Use /bin/sh instead of bash
- set -e

The new step is added with `if: ${{ !cancelled() }}`, so the logs are
stored even when the build fails.

This enables build-testing only on master as well as next and release
branches.